Bibliography Reference

Contains both MLA and APA examples

MLA Format

general rules, book, preface or intro, anthology, newspaper, magazine, online service, essay collection, scholarly journal, encyclopedia, dictionary, web site

Bibliography Reference: APA General Rules

Author and Contributor Rules:

  • When citing authors, use the last name followed by the first name and if given, the
    middle name or intial.
    • For example: Kalita, Rahul J.
  • If you are citing more than one author, separate the authors with commas,
    cite them alphabetically, and after the first author cite the others with simply
    their first and last name.
    • For example: Somashekar, Darshan, Neal R. Taparia, and Tim Zonker.
  • Contributor information (editor, compilers, and translators) are typically
    cited after the name of the source. Use "Ed." "Trans." or "Comp" to indicate
    what type of contributor you are citing for example:
    • Author Information. Title of Source. Ed. Neal Taparia and Purav Jesrani. Trans. Sagar Shah.
  • If there is no author, and the principal contributor to the source is an editor, translator, or
    compiler, replace this with the author.
    • Smith, Adam, ed. "Apples and "Oranges." Trans. Victor Toriano.

Other Rules:

  • Publication information is always written:
    • City Published: Published, Year published
  • City published and Publisher are always by a colon
  • If there is no publisher, city published and year published are separated with a comma. For example
    • Chicago, 2000
  • A period should separate original publication information and online information
  • Typical online information include title of the internet site, the editor of the site (if given), the date of electronic publication (if given), and the sponsoring

    institution or organization, date accessed, and the URL.

  • When citing a URL, if it to lengthy, simply write the URL of the main source in which it comes from

Bibliography Reference: MLA Book

In Print

The basic information of a book includes author(s), the title of the book, and the publication information.

Format:
Author. Title. Contributors. Publisher: City: Publisher, Year Published.
Examples:
  • Brown, John. The Adventures of Willow. New York: Random House, 2003
  • Jesrani, Purav. Guide to Biomedical Engineering. Ed. Jake Hamson. Boston: Cambridge P, 2002
  • Tusan, Will, and Alan Urabanowski. Medical Dribbling. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2000.

Online

Include the same information as a regular book. Add as much as the original publication information as possible. After citing the original information, add the electronic publication information. This includes the title of the internet site, the editor of the site (if given), the date of electronic publication (if given), and the sponsoring institution or organization. Also, be sure to include the date accessed and the URL.

Format:
Author. Title. Contributors. City: Publisher, Year Published. Name of Internet Website. Editor of the site (If Given). Date of Electronic Publication (If Known). Sponsoring Institution or Organization (If Known). Date Accessed <URL>.
Examples:
  • Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. Chicago: Old Brothers, 1998. The William Shakespeare Website. 8 Feb. 2003 <http://www.gowilliam.com>.
  • Funk, Simon. The Life of Owen. 1985. Books by Simon Funk. Ed. William James. 2002. 10 Jul. 2004 <http://www.simonfunk.com>.
  • Long, Erin. The Pain of Yesterday. Professor Erin Long’s Webpage. 2000. Northwestern University. 5 Oct. 2004 <http://www.northwestern.edu/elong>.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Preface

In Print

Include the author of the note, the name of note, the type of note, the name of the original source, the author of the original source, the contributors of the original source (if given), the publication information, and the page number(s).

Format:
Author. "Name of note." Preface/Forward/Introduction/Afterword. Name of Original Source. By Author’s Name. Contributors. City Published: Publisher, Year Published. Page Number(s).
Examples:
  • Bhatia, Nevin. "My experience." Preface. The Guide to Investment Banking. By Kishan Parikh. Ed. Julie Taparia. New York: Random House, 2003. 2-9.
  • Lucas, John. Afterword. Insights on Medical Ethics. By Earl Harbinger. New York: Uptown Press, 2000. 157-175.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Book Chapter

In Print

The basic information you want to include is the name of the book, the editor, and or compiler or translator of the book, and the publication information. Also, be sure to cite the names of section you are citing, its author or contributors, and the page numbers of the section.

Format:
Author of Section. "Name of Section." Contributors of the Section. Name of Anthology/Book.
Contributors of the Book. City Published: Publisher, Year Published. Page numbers of section.

Examples:

  • Albertas, Jorge. "The Argentine Dirty Wars." Latin American Religion and Politics. Ed. Kurt Hemming.
    New York: Random House, 2004. 12-36.
  • Wheeler, John. "The Shire." Ed. Elton Smith. The Book of Short Stories. Comp. Purav Jesrani. Trans. Versha Taparia and Kostya Averin. San Diego: Bright House Book, 1999. 55-98.

Online

According to the MLA handbook, include the same information as a regular book. Add as much as the original publication information as possible. After citing the original information, add the electronic publication information. This includes the title of the internet site, the editor of the site (if given), the date of electronic publication (if given), and the sponsoring institution or organization. Also, be sure to include the date accessed and the URL.

Format:

Author of Section. "Name of Section." Contributors of the Section. Name of Anthology/Book.
Contributors of the Book. City Published: Publisher, Year Published. Name of Internet Website. Editor of the site (if given). Date of Electronic Publication (If Known). Sponsoring Institution or Organization (If Known). Date Accessed <URL>.

Examples:

  • Albertas, Jorge. "The Argentine Dirty Wars." Latin American Religion and Politics. Ed. Kurt Hemming. Books by Albertas. 5 May 2005 <http://www.jorgealberta.com>.
  • Wheeler, John. "The Shire." Ed. Elton Smith. The Book of Short Stories. Comp. Purav Jesrani. Trans. Versha Taparia and Kostya Averin.
    Great Books. 2000. The Great Books Organization. 4 Jan. 2004 <http://www.greatbooks.com>.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Newspaper

In Print

The basic information you want to include is the author of the article, the name of the article, the name of the newspaper, the city published in if not a national newspaper or indicated by the newspaper name, the date published, the edition (if given), the section (if given), and the page number of the newspaper.

Format:
Author of Article. "Name of article." Name of Newspaper [City Published] Date Published, Edition, Section: Page Number of Article.
Examples:
  • Regen, Phil. "The Reign of the Tiger." The Daily Herald [Chicago] 5 May 2004, 2nd edition: 12+.
    • Note: If an article is written on non-consecutive pages, use a "+" after the first page
    • Note: Write the name of the city published in if not indicated by the name of the newspaper
  • Tanzil, Sarah. "Red Sox Win World Series." Chicago Tribune 8 Oct. 2004, late edition: B14-15.
    Online

    The MLA handbook requires the author of the article, the name of the article, the name of the newspaper, and the date published. The electronic information you want to add to this citation includes the date accessed and the URL.

    Format:
    Author of Article. "Name of article." Name of Newspaper Date Published. Date Accessed <URL>.
    Examples:
    • Somashekar, Darshan. "Bioethics and Religion" New York Times on the Web 8 Oct. 2004. 10 Oct. 2004 <http://www.nytimes.com/bioethics>.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Magazine

In Print

The magazine if very similar to the newspaper. Cite the author of the article, the name of the article, name of the magazine, the date published, and the pages referred to.

Format:
Author of Article. "Name of article." Name of Magazine Date Published: Page Number(s) of Article.

Examples:

  • Gordon, Matt. "The New Ferrari." Car and Driver 8 May 2005: 17-20.
  • For magainzes published monthly, or every two months, include the month(s) and year:
    • Gordon, Matt. "The New Ferrari." Car and Driver May 2005: 17-20.
    • Gordon, Matt. "The New Ferrari." Car and Driver May-Jun. 2005: 17-20.

Online

When citing an online magazine in your bibliography, cite the author of the article, the name of the article, and the name of the magazine. Then add the date accessed as well as the URL.

Format:
Author of Article. "Name of article." Name of Magazine Date Published. Date Accessed <URL>.

Examples:

  • Gordon, Matt. "The New Ferrari." Car and Driver May 2005. 10 May 2005 <http://www.caranddriver.com/nferrari>.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Subscription Service

Online Only

Include the author of the article, the name of the article, the original source of the article, the date of publication of the original source, and the page numbers (if given). Then add the information of the
database. This includes the name of the database, the name of the service, the name of the library or library system, the date accessed, and the URL of the service.

Format:

Author. "Name of Article." Name of Original Publication Date Published: page number. Name of the Database. Name of the service. Name of the Library or Library System. Date Accessed <URL>.

Examples:

  • Ruparelia, Vishal. "Going to Medical School." Business Week 5 Mar. 2003: 21-34. Proquest. Northwestern University Library, Evanston, IL.10 May 2005 . <http://www.northwestern.edu>.
  • Kaul, Angela. "Car Trends in Houston." Houston Chronicle May 2003. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Hinsdale Central Library, Hinsdale, IL.
    13 Dec. 2002 <http://www.ebsco.com>.
  • If you are using a personal subscription where you have found your source through a keyword
    or path search, be sure to describe the search process instead of citing a
    particular URL:

    • "Africa." Compton’s Encyclopedia Online. America Online.
      2 Nov. 2004. Keyword: Compton’s.
    • "Africa." Compton’s Encyclopedia Online. America Online.
      2 Nov. 2004. Path: Countries; Africa.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Essay Collection

In Print

This is similar to a chapter in a book or anthology. Cite the author of the essay, the name of the essay, the name of the collection, the editor of the collection, the publication information of the book, and the page number(s) of the essay.

Format:

Author or Essay. "Name of Essay." Title of Collection. Contributors of the Collection.
City Published: Publisher, Year Published. Page Numbers of Essay.

Examples:

  • Gupta, Sanjay. "Balancing and Checking." Essays on Modern Democracy. Ed. Bob Towsky.
    Hinsdale: Brook Stone Publishers, 1996.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Journal

In Print

Include the author’s name, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the series number of the journal (if given), the volume number (if given), the issue number (if given), the year of publication, and the page numbers of the article.

Format:

Author of Article. "Name of article." Name of Scholarly Journal Volume Number.Issue Number (Year of Publication): page numbers.

Examples:

  • Field, Samantha. "Dark Matter and Andromeda." Cosmological Sciences 23.5 (2003): 156-189.
  • If there are no volume numbers and only issue numbers, treat the issue numbers as if volume numbers:
    • Field, Samantha. "Dark Matter and Andromeda." Cosmological Sciences 5 (2003): 156-189.
  • If the scholarly journal has been published in a series, describe the
    series appropriately. Distinguish between new series, original series, or the series number:

    • Field, Samantha. "Dark Matter and Andromeda." Cosmological Sciences ns 23.5 (2003): 156-189.
    • Field, Samantha. "Dark Matter and Andromeda." Cosmological Sciences os 23.5 (2003): 156-189.
    • Field, Samantha. "Dark Matter and Andromeda." Cosmological Sciences 3rd ser. 23.5 (2003): 156-189.

Online

In your works cited, try including as much information as an in print scholarly journal. Oftentimes, you may not find the page numbers for an online article. The electronic information you want to add is the is the date accessed and the URL.

Format:
Author of Article. "Name of article." Name of Scholarly Journal Volume Number.Issue Number (Year of Publication):
Page numbers. Date Accessed <URL>.

Examples:

  • Field, Samantha. "Dark Matter and Andromeda." Cosmological Sciences 23.5 (2003): 156-189. 12 Oct. 2004
    <http://www.cosmoscience.com>.
  • Sometimes article may come from a database service. According to MLA, add this information and underline it:
    • Field, Samantha. "Dark Matter and Andromeda." Cosmological Sciences 23.5 (2003): 156-189.
      Academic Search Premier. JSTOR. 12 Oct. 2004 <http://www.cosmoscience.com>.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Reference Book

Encyclopedia or Reference Book

Be sure to include the name of author (if given), the name of the article, the name of the reference book, the edition, and the year of publication. If the reference book is well known, do not include the publication information.

Format:

Author (If Given). "Name of Article." Name of Reference Book. Edition. Year.

Examples:

  • Avery, Jennie. "Poland." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2nd ed. 1994.
  • Note: If the reference book does not arrange its articles alphabetically, try including the volume and page numbers:
    • "Cold War." Columbia Encyclopedia. 5th ed. 5 vols. 1998. 12-15.
  • If the reference book is not well known, provide the full publication information of the book:
    • "Euthanasia." Encyclopedia of World Ethics. 2nd ed. 7 vols. New York: Simon Press, 2001. 54-68.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Dictionary Entry

In Print

Include the definition, the name of the dictionary, the edition, and the year published.

Format:

"Definition." Name of Dictionary. Edition. Year.

Examples:

  • "Hemorrhage." Tabers Medical Dictionary. 4th ed. 2003.
  • Note: To include a specific part of the definition, cite this appropriately after the definition:
    • "Hemorrhage." Def 2b. Tabers Medical Dictionary. 4th ed. 2003.
  • If the dictionary is not well known, be sure to include the publication information:
    • "Victim." Dictionary of Modern Law. 2nd ed. San Jose: Macmillan Publishers, 1997.
  • Like a reference book, if not alphabetized, include volume and page numbers:
    • "Victim." Dictionary of Modern Law. 2nd ed. 12 vols. San Jose: Macmillan Publishers, 1997. 102.

Bibliography Reference: MLA Web Site

Online Only

Include the name of the website, the name of the editor (if given), the date of electronic publication (if given), the sponsoring institution (if given), and the date of

access, and the URL.

Format:

  • To cite a general website:
    • Name of website. Editor(s)
      of website. Date of electronic publication. Associated institution. Date of access <URL>.
  • To cite a specific article from a website:
    • Author(s) of internet article. "Name of internet article." Name of
      website. Editor(s)
      of website. Date of electronic publication. Associated institution. Date of access <URL>.

Examples:

  • A general website example:
    • BBC on the Internet. 2005. British Broadcasting Company. 12 Apr. 2005 <http://www.bbc.com>.
  • An example of a website with an article:
    • Smith, Fred. "New Football Recruits." Northwestern Football. Ed.
      Alex Shokey. 2004. Northwestern University. 6 Jun. 2004 <http://www.football.northwestern.edu/recruits>.

APA Reference

When editors or teachers ask you to write in “APA style,” they do not mean writing style. They are referring to the editorial style that many of the social and behavioral sciences have adopted to present written material in the field.

Editorial style consists of rules or guidelines that a publisher observes to ensure clear and consistent presentation of written material. Editorial style concerns uniform use of such elements as

  • punctuation and abbreviations
  • construction of tables
  • selection of headings
  • citation of references
  • presentation of statistics
  • as well as many other elements that are a part of every manuscript

The American Psychological Association has established a style that it uses in all of the books and journals that it publishes. Many others working in the social and behavioral sciences have adopted this style as their standard as well.

APA's style rules and guidelines are set out in a reference book called The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Please note that when researchers talk about APA style, they may be referring to APA's system of citations in text and reference format. If you are unsure, you should clarify with your instructor or editor how they define "APA style."

Unknown (2003). About APA Style. Sep. 14, 2006, http://www.apastyle.org/aboutstyle.html

Bibliography Reference: APA General Rules

Author and Contributor Rules:

  • When citing authors, use the last name followed by the first initial and if given, the second initial.
    • For example: Smith, R. J.
  • If you are citing more than one author, separate the authors with commas. Also, be sure to put an ampersand before the last author cited.
    • For example: Lumpkin, D., & Santaria, N.
  • If there are more than six authors, cite the first six and then write "et al."
  • If there is no author given, begin your citation with the name of the primary source/article.
  • Typically the year published is placed after the author information. If
    there is no author, place the year published after the edit/volume/page number
    information. If none of the latter is cited, place the year published after the
    title of the piece.

Other Rules:

  • Refer to a page ] with a "p." and numerous pages with a "pp."
  • For magazines published monthly, or every two months, include the month(s) and year:
  • If the place published is a large city, such as New York City, you do not have to include the state name. However, if the city published is relatively unknown, include both city and state
    • For example: New York: Random House
    • For example: Burr Ridge, Illinois: Ridge Publishers

Bibliography Reference: APA Book

In Print

In order to cite a book in APA include:

  • Author information
  • Year of publication
  • Name of the work
  • Place published
  • Publisher

Format

Author, A. A. (Year published). Name of Book. Location Published: Publisher.

Examples

  • Taparia, N. (2005). 21 Years of my Life. Chicago: Hoffman Publishers.
  • Fingerman, E. R., & Smith, J. (1999). The King of Kings. Chatham, New Jersey: Pipeline Publishers.

Online



When citing an online book in APA, include as much original publication information as possible and:

  • Date accessed
  • URL

Online Format
Author, A. A. (Year published). Name of Book. Location Published: Publisher. [Retrieved] date, [from] URL of Website

Online Examples

  • Fingerman, E. R., & Smith, J. (1999). The King of Kings. Chatham, New Jersey: Pipeline Publishers. Retrieved June 8, 2002, from http://www.kofk.com/finger

Bibliography Reference: APA Book Chapter

In Print

In order to cite a chapter or article in a book in APA include:

  • Author(s) of the chapter
  • Editor(s) of the book
  • Chapter/Article name
  • Pages of the chapter
  • Book name (in italics)
  • Year of publication
  • Publisher
  • Place of publication

Format

Author, A. A. (Year Published). Name of Chapter/Article. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Name of Book (page numbers).
Place Published: Publisher.

Examples

  • Jesrani, P. J. (1998). Working Turn Tables. In N. Bhatia, S. Dhand, & V. Rupaleria (Eds.), Throwing a Great Party (pp. 19-48). Chicago: NT Publishers.
  • Tatta, J. R., & Sanders, B. (2002). Macroeconomic Policy of European Nations. In J. Beam (Ed.), Global Outlook (pp.90-103). Boston: University of Cambridge Press.

Online



When citing an section of a book found online in APA, include as much original publication information as possible, and the following:

  • Date Accessed
  • URL

Online Format
Author, A. A. (Year Published). Name of Chapter/Article. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Name of Book (page numbers). Location: Publisher. [Retrieved] date, [from] URL of Website

Online Examples

  • Tatta, J. R., & Sanders, B. (2002). Macroeconomic Policy of European Nations. Global Outlook. University of Cambridge Press. Retrieved May 25, 2005, from http://www.epen.com/ca

Bibliography Reference: APA Dictionary Entry

In Print

In order to cite a dictionary in APA include:

  • Name of the dictionary
  • Editor(s) of the dictionary (if known)
  • Word defined
  • Year published
  • Volume number if citing a specific entry. Use total number of volumes if citing the dictionary in general
  • Edition
  • Page numbers (if citing a specific entry)
  • Placed published
  • Publisher

Format

  • When citing a specific definition:
    • Dictionary Entry. In B. Editor (Ed.), Name of Dictionary (Page numbers, edition, volume). (Year). Place published: Publisher.
  • When citing a general dictionary:
    • Editor, B. (Ed.). (Year). Name of Dictionary (Edition, Total Volumes). Place published: Publisher.

Examples

  • Examples of citing a general dictionary with and without an editor:
    • Weber, C. (Ed.). (2002). Webster’s Dictionary (4th ed., Vols. 1-4). Chicago: Webster Press.
    • Oxford Dictionary (7th ed.). (2000). Hinsdale, IL: Penguin Press.
  • Example of citing a specific dictionary entry with and without an editor:
    • Quixotic. In N. Taparia (Ed.), Oxford Dictionary (p. 345, 3rd ed., vol. 5). (1990). New York: Oxford Press
    • Quixotic. Oxford Dictionary (p. 345, 3rd ed., vol. 5). (1990). New York: Oxford Press

Online



When citing an online dictionary in APA, include as much original publication information as possible, and:

  • Date Accessed
  • URL

Online Format

Original Publication Information. [Retrieved] date, [from] URL of Website

Online Example

  • Virulent. Dictionary.com. Lexico Publishing Group. Retrieved August 30, 2005, from http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=virulent

Bibliography Reference: APA Reference Book

In Print

In order to cite a newspaper in APA include:

  • Author of encyclopedia article (if known)
  • Editor of encyclopedia (if known)
  • Name of the encyclopedia article
  • Year published
  • Volume number if citing a specific entry. Use total number of volumes if citing the entire
    encyclopedia
  • Edition
  • Page numbers
  • Publication information

Format

Author, A. (Date). Name of Article. [In] A. Editor (Ed.), Name of Encyclopedia (Edition, Volume, Page Numbers). Place Published: Publisher.

Examples

  • Example of citing an entire encyclopedia with and without an editor
    • Taparia, N. (Ed.). (2000). Columbia Encyclopedia (2nd Edition, Vols. 1-45). Chicago: Columbia Press.
    • Columbia Encyclopedia (2nd Edition, Vols. 1-45). (2000). Chicago: Columbia Press.
  • Example of a specific entry from an encyclopedia with an author, without any known editors
    • Smith, J. (2004). Martin Luther. In Encyclopedia of Science and Religion (Vol. 4, p. 898). Cincinnati: Babson Press.

Online



When citing an online book in APA, include as much original publication information as possible, and:

  • Date Accessed
  • URL

Online Format
Author, A. (Date). Name of Article. [In] A. Editor (Ed.), Name of Encyclopedia (Edition, Volume, Page Numbers). Place Published: Publisher. [Retrieved] date, [from] URL of Website

Online Examples

  • Online Example of citing an entire encyclopedia without an editor
    • Columbia Encyclopedia (2nd Edition, Vols 1-45). (2000). Retrieved November 6, 2004, from http://www.columbia.com
  • Example of a specific online entry from an encyclopedia with an editor
    • Smith, J. (2004). Martin Luther. In L. Mcdonald (ed.), Encyclopedia of Science and Religion. Babson Press. Retrieved November 20, 2003, from http://www.scireligion.com/ml

Bibliography Reference: APA Journal

In Print

When citing a journal in APA include the following information:

  • Author(s) of the journal article
  • Date published
  • Name of the journal (in italics)
  • Name of journal article
  • Volume number (in italics)
  • Page numbers
  • Issue number (in italics and parenthesis), if pages numbers are restarted with each issue

Format

Author, A. (Year). Name of Article. Name of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page number(s).

Examples

  • Hastalis, D. (2003, January). Effects of Prozac. New England Journal of Medicine, 30. 12-43.
  • Smith, T. J., & Weyers, J. Derivatives and other Securities. The Journal of Economics, 8(2), 90-104.

Online



When citing an online journal in APA, include as much original publication information as possible, along with the following:

  • Date Accessed
  • URL

Online Format
Author, A. (Year). Name of Article. Name of Journal, volume(Issue), Page
Number(s). [Retrieved] Date, [from] URL of Website

Online Examples

  • Hastalis, D. (2003, January). Effects of Prozac. New England Journal of Medicine, 30. Retrieved August 23, 2004, from http://www.nej/pzac
  • Smith, T. J., & Weyers, J. Derivatives and other Securities. The Journal of Economics, 8(2). Retrieved June 5, 2005, from http://econ.com/ds

Bibliography Reference: APA Newspaper

In Print

In order to
cite a newspaper in APA include:

  • Author(s)
  • Date published
  • Name of the newspaper (in italics)
  • Name of article
  • Volume Number (in italics)
  • Page numbers

Format

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Name of the Article. Name of Newspaper, volume, page number(s).

Examples

  • Waldo, S. R., & Danedakar, V. (2004, August 4). Why Medical School? New York Times, p. 34.

Online



When citing an online newspaper in APA, include as much original publication information as possible, and:

  • Date Accessed
  • URL

Online Format

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Name of the Article. Name of Newspaper, volume, page number(s). [Retrieved] date, [from] URL of Website

Online Examples

  • Waldo, S.R., & Danedakar, V. (2004, January 4). Why Medical School? New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2004, from http://www.nyt.com/med

Bibliography Reference: APA Magazine

In Print

In order to
cite a magazine in APA include:

  • Author(s) of the magazine article
  • Date published
  • Name of the magazine (in italics)
  • Name of article
  • Volume number (in italics)
  • Page numbers

Format

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Name of the Article. Name of Magazine, volume, page number(s).

Examples

  • Tutanka, O. (2001, January). Hot New Ferrari Modena. Car and Driver, 12, 43-45.
  • Petrovsky, A., & Miller, L. (2005, August 1-7). China’s New Restructuring. The Economist, 32-37.

Online



When citing an online book in APA, include as much original publication information as possible, and:

  • Date Accessed
  • URL

Online Format
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Name of the Article. Name of Magazine, volume, page number(s). [Retrieved] date, [from] URL of Website

Online Examples

  • Petrovsky, A., & Miller, L. (2005, August 1-7). China’s New Restructuring.

    The Economist. Retrieved May 25, 2005, from http://www.economist.com/china

Bibliography Reference: APA Online Database

Citing a source from an online database is very straightforward. Cite all the information about the original source as you always would, and then cite online information. This includes:

  • Name of the database
  • Date accessed

Format

Original Publication Information. [Retrieved] Month Day, Year, [from the] Database Name [database].

Examples

  • Tutanka, O. (2001, January). Hot New Ferrari Modena. Car and Driver, 12. Retrieved April 8, 2005, from the ProQuest database.
  • Potter, H. (2002, May 17). Euthanasia and Society. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 8, 2003, from the EBSCO database.

Bibliography Reference: APA Web Site

Online

When citing a website in APA include the following information:

  • The name of the website/article (in italics)
  • Author of the source
  • The day the website was created or when the particular online source was published (if known)
  • Date the website was accessed
  • The website URL

Format

Author, A. (Date Published). Name of website/article. [Retrieved] Date, [from] URL of Website

Examples

  • Iguchi, L. (2003, February 3). Japan Warfare. Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://book.edu/japan
  • Humdrums from Africa. Retrieved May 17, 2005, from http://www.abcd.com/africa/b2k